Substitution and Ellipsis

1. Substitution and ellipsis are methods to avoid repetitions in sentences

Substitutions are made using words like 'it', 'one', 'do', 'there', 'that', 'so', 'neither' and 'not'

• There is a new restaurant on my street but I've never eaten at the restaurant (incorrect) / There is a new restaurant on my street but I've never eaten there (correct)
• A pen is needed to fill out the form but I don't have a pen (incorrect) / A pen is needed to fill out the form but I don't have one (correct)

Ellipsis consists of removing a word or set of words from a sentence

• We went for a walk and (we) took some lovely photographs
• Do you want to stay in or (do you want to) go out tonight?